The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Essay

The Impact of Price Changes on the Brand Equity of Toyota in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example .............................................................................................................. 5 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 6 1. Presentation ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Background of the Research Problem ........................................................... 9 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................ 11 1.3 Aims or Purpose of this Study....................................................................... 12 1.4 Research Objectives ....................................................................................... 12 1.5 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 13 1.6 Significance of the Study ..................................... .......................................... 13 1.7 Rationale for Choosing the Research Topic.................................................. 13 1.8 Research Procedure ...................................................................................... ... ............................ 19 2.1 Conceptual Framework and Research Hypothesis ........................................ 20 2.1.1 Conceptual Framework .................................................................. 20 2.1.2 Research Hypothesis for Further Verification ............................... 22 2.2 Importance of Establishing Strong Brand Equity †¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 2.2.1 Brand Loyalty ................................................................................ 29 2.2.2 Brand Awareness ............................................................................ 34 2.2.3 Brand Association ........................................................................... 36 2.2.4 Perceived Brand Quality ................................................................. 39 2.3 Importance of Effective Pricing Strategy ...................................................... 41 2.4 Significance of Pricing over the Development of Bran d Equity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... 46 2.5 Significance of Price Changes on Consumer Behavior ............................... 49 2.6 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................... 53 3. Exploration Methodology ............................................................................................. 56 3.1 Research Hypothesis ..................................................................................... 3.2 Research Survey Questionnaire Design........................................................ 3.3 Target Population, Sample Size and Research Venue .................................. 3.4 Research Ethics ............................................................................................. 4. Examination Findings and Analysis

Looking At John Okadas No No Boy English Literature Essay

Taking a gander At John Okadas No Boy English Literature Essay Directly from the earliest starting point of John Okadas No Boy there is the juxtaposition of the Japanese-Americans coming back from internment camps toward the finish of World War II and the Japanese-Americans that swore themselves to the U.S. Military coming back from administration abroad. Ichiro Yamada, the hero, is confronting an individual difficulty of national personality. He censures his obstinate Japanese legacy for him getting bolted up, and the Americans were the ones that did the locking. His folks talk just Japanese in insubordination to American impact. Regardless of being brought up in America, Ichiro cases to be a Japanese patriot and is considerably detained. His mom guarantees that the whole family is completely Japanese, in spite of the fact that Ichiro has never been to Japan. This generational clash that is normal in outsider families is the prod for Ichiros character emergency all through the novel. The one special case to the threatening vibe of the generational split lies in Ichiros companionship with Kenji. Kenji is a designed war legend that was compensated for his military endeavors with material belongings from the government. He doesnt censure Ichiro for his choice. He rather gives Ichiro an important look at the luxurious prize of digestion, yet the picture is spoiled with the gangrenous injury he continued in the administration. Kenjis character is energized by that of Freddie. He is an old companion of Ichiros and an individual No Boy that is resolved to run from his issues with society and his family as opposed to managing them reasonably like a grown-up. Okada partners everything maternal in the story with Japanese dependability. Ichiro accuses his Japanese patriot mother as the explanation that he turned into a No Boy in any case. She is a nationalistic elitist in each feeling of the word. She won't learn English during the thirty years that she lives in Seattle and doesnt even accept the various reports that forceful Japan has lost the war to the Americans. To her, osmosis rises to death. Paradoxically, Ichiros case of fruitful incorporation, Kenji, has a great family existence without a mother. At the point when Mrs. Yamada at long last deals with Japans misfortune in the war, she suffocates herself in the bath. The remainder of the family is eased from the lightened desires. Ichiro recognizes his mom right off the bat as the singular power keeping him from critically incorporating into well known American culture, yet her demise gives a going of the light in Japanese patriotism and he before long discovers that his issues are of his own making. When Ichiro returns to Seattle, things are not what he anticipates. Since he was so unexpectedly gathered together and sent off to an internment camp, to prove㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦that they werent sufficiently american to be believed, he foresees segregation among standard culture, yet he is met with what is forming into the most tolerating time in American history (p. 153). The social equality development is practically around the bend. The threatening vibe that he anticipates from white Americans doesnt occur. The main tormenting he meets is on account of other Japanese-Americans. Each amazing white man that Ichiro runs into gets a decent impression from him. His old Professor Brown urges him to return to the college. Mr. Carrick extends to him an employment opportunity on the spot at a building office in Portland. Them two are exceptionally thoughtful for what he has suffered and differ with the shamefulness of the entire undertaking, yet Ichiro dismisses all them. He could acclimatize on the off chance that he needed to, yet he doesnt in light of the fact that he is persuaded that since he once dismissed the United States that he is perpetually unbearable to it. He could have been a designer in Oregon and climb the social statuses. No longer would he have been a lower-class foreigner, however a sparkling individual from the white collar class. Rather, he decides to keep up his social fixed status and social disengagement. This was a typical inclination during this time, as Kenji puts it: They bitched and hollered when the administration put them in camps and put genuine fences around them, however now theyre doing likewise damn thing to themselves. (p. 164) Post-war Japanese-Americans are constraining isolation upon themselves. Most Americans, at any rate in this novel, demonstrate completely consistent in moving advances from the past from which they came. They are eager to bring social decent variety into their schools and working environments, however the Japanese-Americans appear to be unyielding on proceeding with their persecution. From the get-go in the novel, Ichiro refers to the blame of his unfaithfulness to the United States as a purpose behind not tolerating any of these offers. He hasnt battled for the nation and doesnt feel like hes earned such sumptuous chances, so he leaves them for genuinely Americanized individuals to exploit. This worship displayed by Ichiro for American culture and those that it favors balances his endeavors to stay faithful to his Japanese family. He externalizes his should be committed to Japan onto his mom, however it doesnt end when she kicks the bucket. He understands that her exacting codes of Japanese unwaveringness were by all account not the only thing shielding him from acclimatizing. Ichiro turns down another promising bid for employment at the Christian Reclamation Center where the proprietor had just recruited another No Boy. It is no happenstance that Mrs. Yamadas self destruction is compared with Kenjis passing. The section where the two occasions are contained is the defining moment in the novel. Mrs. Yamada bites the dust as a result of her refusal to coordinate into American culture and Kenji kicks the bucket from gangrene in a physical issue he endured during his endeavors to incorporate into American culture. The two outrageous instances of national personality can not endure anymore. Kenji tells Ichiro on his demise bed that ethnic contrasts ought to be risen above to obscure the lines of racial differentiation, and thusly demonstrate classification troublesome. Ichiro appears to acknowledge Kenjis counsel when he anticipates turning into a genuine American with a house and a spouse and children, just to put himself being investigated minutes after the fact for his treasonous expectations. He has additionally acquired the voice of his mom in his mind notwithstanding Kenjis an uncontrolled inconsis tency. These restricting perspectives in the end start to adjust one another, and Ichiro understands that he is neither Japanese nor American. Ichiro started the novel worried about improving his open picture, and he progressively changes his anxiety to dignity. The issue with his underlying mentality is that confidence is dictated by the desire of the state. Countries make their own authoritative worth frameworks along these lines to set up social principles. The thought of free decision is fanciful. It is hopelessness to ceaselessly oblige the assessments of mysterious outsiders. To extend the lives of others onto oneself is to totally conceal ones own character. Ichiro is embarrassed about his traitorousness to America. He goes about as though every white American feels that he is a double crosser for not exhibiting himself to the nation, yet his obsession is proof that he minds more on the issue than any white character in the story. With the passings of his mom and Kenji, Ichiro turns out to be startlingly mindful of the significance of his confidence, since he no longer has his mom to accuse his issues for or Kenji to experience his Americanized fantasizes. Ichiro starts to oppose reconciliation in light of the fact that, to him, it would mean relinquishing his character in lieu of congruity. He concerns himself just with his own conclusions and thinks freely about the social gatherings which encompass him, as Kenji recommended he do. The imagery of Ichiros adjusted standards is obvious when contrasting the beginning and end scenes of the novel. It begins with Ichiro venturing into the midtown Plaza as he ponders his own way of patriotism, and finishes with Ichiro dodging down a dim limited back street. That way less voyaged is accurately the way that Ichiro has decided to take in his life. He decided not to burst the generally accepted ways to go of American beliefs or Japanese elitism that everybody appeared to step on, but instead a little shrouded path took care of between the two roads. All through the novel, Emi stays a picture of standardized American home life, but then another bombed open door at Americanization for Ichiro. Much like his squandered propositions for employment, Ichiro feels that he doesnt merit Emi in light of the fact that her significant other is in the military. At the point when she dedicates herself to him, they go out moving and Ichiro likes the idea of being with a lady that other men need. His obsession with the men that locate her alluring instead of the appealing young lady herself gives the scene manly undercurrents. Emi alone isn't sufficient to influence Ichiro to subscribe to her, yet the sheer enthusiasm of other men incites Ichiro feel that he has a genuine catch on his hands. This is a prime case of Ichiro surrendering to the assessments of the overall population in America as opposed to tuning in to his own sense of pride and his own sentiments.

Becoming a Doer

Becoming a Doer The capacity for growth within the human being is massive; it is not uncommon for us to find ourselves marveling at the achievements of others, be it through something shared with us or something weve witnessed in person. We often come to a point where we feel proud of our own accomplishments, but for some of us, nothing seems to be enoughâ€"there lies a mountain in our path, invisible to all save our own conscience. Our ideal selves live at the peak; as we continue to reason, reflect, and climb the mountain of self-actualization, it can seem as if we havent quite reached the summit. The thought of the peak is exciting, pushing us constantly towards growing our skill trees and immersing ourselves into the ocean of knowledge that is requisite of achieving whatever it is we define success to be. Therein lie the obstacles in our path; in working to become better, smarter, and stronger in the spiritual, mental, and physical parts of ourselves, we fall victim to our own shortsightedness. In short, we grow tired, and once we are fatigued by the repetitive nature of efforts drum, we begin to enter a stage of frustration over the path to success. The fatigue and frustration, if left untreated, has the capacity to grow into the very means by which we failâ€"we give up. Many lessons are to be learned from this understanding, the most pressing being how to execute. The First Component The very first point of contact with something we work on always begins with a question: Is this worth my time? We assign value to things and prioritize certain things over others based upon our conscious answer to this question, and oftentimes things that require work over prolonged periods have us assign mental space for them to the point where we stop asking it and begin to run through the motions. We enter into a state of flow with our work, and it becomes second nature. The danger arises when we fail to really ask ourselves this question. Each minute we live we lose to whatever we spend it on. The currency of life is a constant withdrawal from our account. Valuing our time is not important, its requisite. While the thought of our lives growing shorter each day is essential, the same principle as our initial question of worthiness is present; we must constantly remind ourselves of our lack of time in order to create a sense of urgency within us. It is said that procrastinators unite tomorrow, and yet there is no promise of tomorrow. What then? Really asking ourselves these questions requires deep thought, something often pushed to the side as responsibilities add up and life grows ever more routine; it seems that we grow disheartened at the most important questions, sometimes even avoidant. The reason is simple. These questions are tough to answer because they make us uncomfortable. We would much rather live in the ignorance of our lack of time than come to realize and reflect upon it each day, but this realization and reflection is the essential component to success and self-actualization. Only through reasoning through our thoughts and actions for why we spend our time the way that we do can we begin to plan, execute, and ultimately succeed. Would you agree to throwing $1.00 into the trash each day with nothing in exchange? How about $100.00? $1,000,000? Material currency pales in comparison to the time we have here in this world. We can always find a way to make more money, spend it, and repeat the process. We can never find a way to delay the end; its what lies in store at the end of our years, days, minutes, and seconds. Valuing our time is something that is free of charge, in the material sense. To value time, we are forced to reflect, and the cost of reflection is sacrifice of our comfort; in forcing ourselves to undergo discomfort at the thought of our fleeting time, we tap into our potential for growth. The sense of urgency hits us, and we are propelled into the next component of progression: action. The Second Component We hope to come out of the first component with a bolstered sense of motivation. The unfortunate thing about motivation is that it tends to spike and is inherently inconsistent. In my experience working through projects, I have come to appreciate these spikes. They come without warning and taking advantage of them only helps. The worst state to be in whenever it comes to beginning a project is the period where the motivation wears off. There can be many reasons for this, among them the top two contenders are burnout and worry. The feeling of never doing enough becomes all too real, particularly in our current period where we can witness others achievements from a screen 24/7. Comparing ourselves to others can go wrong very quickly. I do not believe comparison to be something inherently negative, as it can allow for us to learn from other perspectives and lends well to planning/execution of goals; it only goes bad when we begin to believe 1.) That we ought to be there already, and/or 2.) That we do not have what it takes to reach that level. With this mindset, we are sure to defeat ourselves before beginning, or halting our own progression through giving upâ€"the only surefire way to failure. When we find ourselves motivated, we must race towards that motivation and keep at it relentlessly. There are many ways to do this, and in my life, I have come to find refuge in prayer and comfort in speaking through my worries in meditation. It may not suit you when you start, but I have come to find that taking time to shut the world out and focus on what is important to me helps keep me grounded and focused on the long-term goals I haveâ€"just like anything worth doing, it takes dedication, an idea that I go into more detail in another post (linked below if youre interested). Dedication There is no single answer to how we should do things; each of us face countless decisions over the course of our minutes each day, and these choices lead us down a path that drastically differs from the exact path others take to fulfill themselves. The only step we all share at the start of every decision is the will to start. This brings us to the most important message to be learnt from this second component: get started. No matter how little we may know about something, asking questions and applying ourselves to learning about it is the best way to begin our journey to achieving whatever it is we desire to accomplish out of it. The difference between people who do and those who dont is just that; those who do, do, and those who dont, dont. It seems obvious, and yet we allow ourselves to remain oblivious, avoidant even, of this. We put off tasks and turn down invitations to bettering ourselves on a consistent basis, so much so that we grow accustomed to being stationary at the level we are at; we stop climbing and reassure ourselves that the level we have reached is the summit. Our worries are quelled for the time being, but a day will come where we will look back and think the ominous, What if? Consistency in diving headfirst into what interests us is how we learn, grow, and continue our climb up our mountain. The Third Component Greatness comes out of sacrifice, but what warrants sacrifice? What makes something worth our very limited time and effort? What deserves our focus and dedication? We all want things in life. Admission to a competitive program that can take us further in our career, a means by which we can support ourselves and those we care about. Exploring artistic mediums allows for us to express our ideas. Meditation and reflection enables us to learn from our mistakes and become better people. There are innumerable lessons we can gather from the world around us, and finding what makes us excited is a necessary part of a vision for our futures. Pushing our physical limits through physical activity empowers us to reach new levels of fitness and ability. The mountain we climb is not strictly academic, athletic, or spiritual; it is a combination of all the knowledge available in the world. Our only objective is to ask questions and seek answers. Asking how and why, and everything in between. Applyin g ourselves to seek answers. Defining what we want from life. All of this takes time and effort, and none of it is achievable if we dont get started and take action. If youd like to read about defining a vision in further detail, Ive written about it at length in the post linked below. Defining a Vision To be a doer is to embrace our potential as humans. Believing we arent capable enough and going with the motions based upon what we have been told is only a disservice to ourselvesâ€"a lie we believe that makes our climb up our mountain that much more difficult. May we open our eyes, lest our time runs out and they are forced shut. Regards, Maaz Maaz Class of 2022 I am a Pre-Medical student studying Community Health with a concentration in Health Policy Administration interested in improving healthcare delivery systems through both public health and medical practice. My posts are targeted toward helping high school students improve their self-improvement and actualization strategies as they further their own personal and professional development.

King Ethelbert I of Kent

King Ethelbert I of Kent was also known as: Aethelbert I, Aethelberht I, Ethelberht I, St. Ethelbert Ethelbert was known for: issuing the earliest Anglo-Saxon law code that is still extant. Ethelbert also allowed Augustine of Canterbury to evangelize in his lands, which would begin the Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England. Occupations: KingMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence: England Important Dates: Born: c. 550Became King of Kent: 560Died: February 24, 616 About King Ethelbert I of Kent: Ethelbert was the son of King Eormenric of Kent, who was believed to have been descended from Hengist, of Hengist and Horsa fame. When Eormenric died in 560, Ethelbert became king of Kent, even though he was still in his minority. The first notable action made by Ethelbert was an attempt to wrest control of Wessex from Ceawlin, then king of Wessex. His efforts were thwarted when he was badly defeated by Ceawlin and his brother Cutha in 568. Though he was evidently unsuccessful in war, Ethelbert was quite successful in his marriage to Berhta, daughter of the Merovingian King Charibert. Ethelbert had long been a pagan, worshipping the Norse god Odin; yet he made every concession to Berhtas Catholicism. He allowed her to practice her religion wherever and however she wished, and he even gave her the church of St. Martin, which had allegedly survived from the time of Roman occupation, in his capital of Cantwaraburh (which would come to be called Canterbury). Although it is entirely possible that Ethelberts devotion to his bride sprang from sincere regard and even love, the prestige of her family may also have motivated the Kentish king to accommodate her Christian ways. The Catholicism of the Merovingian kings tied them strongly to the papacy, and the power of the family was growing in what is now France. It is likely that Ethelbert allowed pragmatism and wisdom to govern these decisions. Whether he was motivated by the influence of Berhta or the power of her family, Ethelbert readily communicated with missionaries from Rome. In 597, a group of monks led by Augustine of Canterbury landed on the Kentish coast. Ethelbert welcomed them and gave them a place to live; he supported their efforts to convert his people, but never forced conversion on anyone. Tradition has it that he was baptized not long after Augustines arrival in England, and that, inspired by his example, thousands of his subjects converted to Christianity. Ethelbert facilitated the construction of churches, including the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, which was allegedly constructed on the site of a pagan temple. It was here that Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, would be buried, as were several of his successors. Although there was at one point a move to make London the primary See of England, Ethelbert and Augustine together resisted the attempt, and the See of Canterbury thus became the foremost Catholic Church in England. In 604 Ethelbert promulgated a law code known as the Dooms of Ethelbert; this is not only the first of several Dooms of Anglo-Saxon kings, it is the first known written law code in English. Ethelberts Dooms fixed the legal standing of the Catholic clergy in England as well as setting in place a good number of secular laws and regulations. Ethelbert died on February 24, 616. He was survived by two daughters and a son, Eadbald, who remained a pagan all his life. Under Eadbald, Kent and much of southern England saw a resurgence in paganism. Later sources would name Ethelbert a Braetwalda, but it is not known whether or not he used the title himself during his lifetime. More Ethelbert Resources: Ethelbert in PrintThe links below will take you to a site where you can compare prices at booksellers across the web. More in-depth info about the book may be found by clicking on to the books page at one of the online merchants. by Eric John, Patrick Wormald James Campbell; edited by James Campbell(Oxford history of England)by Frank M. Stentonby Peter Hunter Blair Ethelbert on the Web St. EthelbertBrief bio by Ewan Macpherson at the Catholic EncyclopediaMedieval Sourcebook: The Anglo-Saxon Dooms, 560-975First in the document are Ethelberts Dooms. Primary source taken from Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources (Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1901), Vol. IV: The Early Medieval World, pp. 211-239. Scanned and edited by Jerome S. Arkenberg, and placed online by Paul Halsall at his Medieval Sourcebook. Dark-Age BritainMedieval ChristianityWhos Who Directories: Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society

Airport Security - 1595 Words

In this essay, I will attempt to argue that TSA serves as a mechanism for the government to frame the nature of the debate on privacy, in a way that is beneficial to them. To do this I will first argue that airport security and the TSA are objectively ineffective and merely creates the illusion of privacy. Despite not actually protecting us, the system of airplane security, conditions individuals in the general public to be willing to make sacrifices in privacy for a perceived â€Å"greater good† in community safety. This viewpoint of individuals sacrificing a little privacy for the well-being of society is the essentially the same â€Å"nothing to hide† argument that the government uses to justify mass surveillance and the violation of†¦show more content†¦This is problematic because it is frighteningly easy to make mistakes, and nearly impossible to catch a suspect. In fact, some security experts suspect that the TSA has never once caught a terrorist at a che ckpoint. A natural byproduct of a one checkpoint system is massive lines. It is widely accepted both in the intelligence community and popular culture that terrorists seek out crowds because they can inflict the most damage. This is disturbingly ironic; as in an attempt to prevent us against terrorism, the TSA conveniently packs hundreds of travels together in cramped security lines, creating a clear terrorist target. Therefore, technically terrorists don’t even need to get through security in order to make an attack. All of these structural flaws in the American airplane security system or TSA, point to the conclusion, that the massive TSA system merely creates the appearance of protection. In the last paragraph, I have attempted to show how the TSA creates a guise of protection while doing very little to prevent terrorism. However, despite doing very little to protect us, the TSA profoundly impacts the parameters for how the debate around how privacy is defined. 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Find Out Whos Discussing Help Writing a Paper and Why You Need to Be Worried

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A Strained Research team free essay sample

Based on the skills approach, how would you assess Dr. Wood’s leadership and his relationship to the members of the Elder Care Project team? Will the project be successful? Dr. Adam Wood is the main investigator of a 3year project called the Elder Care Project. Reading about his behavior, it is visible that Dr. Wood has no human skills which may end up affecting his team and lead to a failure of the project. 2. Does Dr. Wood has the skills necessary to be an effective leader of this research team? Dr. Wood has excellent technical skills and conceptual skills. For this project in particular, he would give advice on research design, methodology question, theoretical formulations, and besides that he could see the big picture on research projects. But human skills are very important to make people work as a team, and keep them motivated and focused to achieve the goals. We will write a custom essay sample on A Strained Research team or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To be a leader of a research team there is definitely a need for someone that can have that skill to keep the team up and doing the work. Since there is no one doing that job, it explains why people are frustrated. They are working hard and they don’t find incentive, motivational words, or good comments on the big effort they are making. That’s one of the biggest reasons as to why the project may lead to failure. 3. The skills model describes three important competencies for leaders: problem-solving skills, social judgment skills, ad knowledge. If you were to coach Dr. Wood using this model, what competencies would you address with him? What Changes would you suggest that he make in his leadership? Dr. Wood has important knowledge but his social judgment and problem solving skills seems to be very weak, and this is definitely something that he needs to work on as a leader. Those social judgments skills are the ones that will help to improve his interaction with the colleagues and make him understand how they see things and what their needs are. I suggest that he starts talking positively about his project and how successful it will be when it is finished. He should also start praising the members on their hard work, encourage them to share knowledge and point of view, and convince them that the goals are feasible, achievable, and attainable. Even though the members were spending 20%-30% more time in this project than what was expected, the team still believed in the project until their main leader started to put all the motivation down by his comments.

Ethical dilemmas Essay Example

Ethical dilemmas Essay In this essay I shall begin to justify how an ethical approach to providing support can benefit individuals and use examples to evaluate two potential dilemmas which could be faced by staff involved with the delivery of care in day to day working. When working in a health and social care environment, there are various professionals that are often faced in day to day working of situations to which involve moral dilemmas which means that it is crucially important for each professional to have a clear understanding of morality and what moral decisions are and how they are linked to the practice of health and social care. Not only this, but health and social care professionals also need to have a good understanding of their legal position and the morals and ethics that are a foundation of their professional code of practice which is extremely important in terms of occasions whereby a service user may refuse medical treatment or decides on a course of treatment which may not be beneficial for them in terms of their best interests. When these situations arise, legislation and professional codes of practice must be implemented and used as valuable guidance for the professional to follow as well as numerous other ethical points. For example, when working with vulnerable service users, all health and social care professionals have a duty of care to protect their own rights. If there is a proposed course of action or proposed treatment which could be harmful to a service user then the professional will have to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages for example, a cancer patient who normally are advised to undergo courses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy however this treatment also has harmful side effects, but the benefits of this type of therapy would outweigh the harm caused by the side effects of the treatment and therefore the treatment would normally be undertaken. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical dilemmas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical dilemmas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical dilemmas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Health and Social Care providers also have the responsibility to ensure that the environments can safeguard vulnerable adults which includes recruiting new staff and providing resources to ensure that the service users needs are met. Situations can arise however, whereby behaviour or actions of one individual could harm another in the service and this could be an individual with mental health problems who might become violent to someone. If this case does arise then the social care professionals must follow the services policies and procedures and if the behaviour of the individual is likely to result in significant harm to themselves or others then the individual will have to be restrained. These policies and procedures underlined from the mental capacity Act (2005) are guidelines which provide the knowledge for the health and social care professional, relating to the degree of harm which is likely to be suffered by the individual or others if the individual is not restrained. This action is to promote the wellbeing of the individual and others and is known as beneficence to which in medical context means that taking action will serve the best interest of patients to which the professionals have a duty to protect and to act in such ways for each individuals best interests. Another way to which this can be illustrated is through the effectiveness and the cost of treatment whereby the professionals have to weigh up benefits to the loss of the money to which they would be making. The ethical principles however such as independence and rights, empowerment, beneficence, safeguarding, autonomy, dignity, duty, morals and independence all have to be looked at when this decision is being made and all individuals should be fully aware of their rights and should also have equal access to medical treatment. Empowering the individual means that they are ensured that they know enough information to make an informed choice about certain decisions that can affect their quality of life and helps the individual to have control in their lives. Vulnerable people in health and social care services can sometimes rely on professionals to ensure their independence and it is important that these professionals empower the individuals to influence their independence and dont use benevolent oppression to make decisions for individuals in their care. Examples of benevolent oppression include not allowing the individual to have relationships, limiting their alcohol intake, not allowing the individual to have privacy, preventing the individual with disabilities to go out on their own, choosing activities which are acceptable for them and not giving them any choice and not providing recourses which will promote independence and autonomy. Examples of a potential ethical dilemmas which could be faced by an individual includes an individual in a care facility disclosing that they are being abused by one of the care workers and pleads to another care worker to not tell anybody else. However the right of confidentiality conflicts with the right to be protected from harm and therefore the care worker has a dilemma whether to follow through the individuals rights of confidentiality or to report the abuse to protect the individual from harm. In this care the care worker should report the other care worker to not only protect that individual who was subject to abuse but others which may also be being abused yet have not spoken out to anybody. Another example includes religion and cultural beliefs, this could include Jehovahs witnesses who by their religion do not agree with blood transfusions and therefore in situations whereby they are in hospital and require a blood transfusion to survive, the rights and duties of the professional may also conflict with those of the individuals who requires the blood transfusion and a decision will have to be made for the best course of action. In this case although the ethical morals of the professional will need to be understood, the service users religious needs will have to be met and the blood transfusion would not be able to be undertaken unless the individual signs for confirmation or if they are not in the right state at that moment in time that an advocate is there to sign on behalf of their needs. Thirdly two individuals which are living in supported tenancy in the community who have learning disabilities have become close in the last few months and have started hugging and holding hands yet when one of the individuals reveals this to a support worker the support worker begins to get concerned and discusses the situation with their supervisor who then restricted the two individuals outings so that they can no longer be together without telling the individuals. In this case the support worker believes that she is protecting the two individuals however it is evident that that these two individuals are not being allowed their independence and this is affecting both of their quality of lives. This is an example of benevolent oppression and it is evident that the support worker and the professionals working with should be more aware of ethical principles. In this case I believe that the two learning disability individuals should have been spoken to and the matter should have been discussed with them first before any action was implemented. Keeping the individuals out of the loop prevented them from having a say in their care and they were not allowed the independence to choose how they spend their life and who they spend their life with. In conclusion ethical principles are a key part in the delivery of patient care and each service needs to have the appropriate policies and procedures for guidelines on how the professionals should act when ethical dilemmas arise. There are numerous benefits of delivering care in an ethical approach for reasons such as the individuals independence and rights are respected and taken into account, the individual is empowered and therefore feels confident in the fact that they have the power to say what happens in their care and how they live their life. Other reasons include factors such as the individuals dignity will be respected which will rise their self-concept and they wont feel like a waste of space who isnt able to care for themselves and instead will feel respected and cared for.

Dog Whistles, Whistle-Blowers, and Whistle-Stop Tours

Dog Whistles, Whistle-Blowers, and Whistle-Stop Tours Dog Whistles, Whistle-Blowers, and Whistle-Stop Tours Dog Whistles, Whistle-Blowers, and Whistle-Stop Tours By Mark Nichol Several idioms based on the word whistle are associated with politics. This post discusses the origins and meaning of â€Å"dog whistle,† whistle-blower, and â€Å"whistle-stop tours.† A dog whistle is any one of various devices that emits a high-pitched sound audible to canines but out of the range of human hearing that is used to train and summon dogs. In a political context, however, â€Å"dog whistle† has a pejorative connotation; the analogy is of a word or phrase that has a given literal meaning but also has a subtext to it that means something else to certain audiences. For example, in certain contexts, the invocation of the phrase â€Å"states’ rights† in assertions of the right of states in the United States to determine their own laws and policies without interference from the federal government is said to mask tacit advocacy of the perpetuation of racism. Meanwhile, a whistle-blower is someone who exposes a secret or an act of wrongdoing at a government agency or in a business or organization, with the notion that the person calls attention to something as if he or she were a referee at a sports event alerting athletes to halt play because of a penalty (or had blown a whistle to summon help in an emergency). Whistle-blowers, especially employees who publicize an entity’s crimes or unethical behavior, have risked termination, litigation, and threats of physical harm, and laws have been passed to protect them from such forms of retribution. A whistle-stop tour, traditionally, is a form of travel in which tourists make multiple brief stops at various sites; the phrase dates from the nineteenth century, when trains were a dominant mode of travel. It is, however, also associated with political campaigns: A train carrying a candidate would halt briefly in turn at numerous small-town stations, and the train’s whistle would alert residents of its arrival, at which point the candidate would give a speech to those who gathered. The term is still used, albeit figuratively, to describe a stop, often at a public venue, along the campaign trail at which a candidate will give a speech and meet supporters. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?3 Types of HeadingsPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism

Violations of religious tolerance that the Danish cartoons of Muhammad Essay

Violations of religious tolerance that the Danish cartoons of Muhammad have committed - Essay Example The last part engages the international resulting towards the cartoons, and how part of them were brutal. Consequently, a wrap up will be derived to attest that the Danish cartoons have violated and broke religious forbearance in wider and tremendous basis. To start with the very first explains the cartoons’ narrative, its reasoning, and will include a depiction concerning some of the drawings. The cartoons were initially printed in Denmark by a Danish newspaper known as Jyllands-Posten. It published 12 cartoon images on the 30thof September 2005. The intention which led to the publication was undecided raising to some argue that it was founded on an experiment conducted to rise above self- suppression (Saloom, 2006).On same front, this lead to hatred and animosity from this newspaper since the 1990s on the Muslim contingent of Denmark. When it all commenced with publishing Amin’s story, a Muslim boy who was suspended from school for his rejection to shower naked amongst students in the same bathroom (Hervik, 2012). According to this narrative every offensive images of prophet Muhammad showed him like a cruel and unacquainted being, though, one in consideration has been to the Danish cartoons notice, was the drawing of Muhammad holding a bomb fused in whereby he was in a regalia. Hence, I portrayed of Islamic faith, surrounding the bomb held by the prophet. Other cartoons are fond of portrayal Prophet Muhammad holding a sword ready for a battle. While the second one showed women next to him while they rose against violence too. This offensive illustration have largely put in much empasy in two westernization on how the Muslim faith, more so about views of their belief as vicious and inhuman to women. Additionally analysis on Muslims has never been altered while the shocking incident of 9/11 occurred. Muslims and Arabs contingent are known to be much of violent and racist people. The following

Impact of Globalization on Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact of Globalization on Cultures - Essay Example These countries import this labor from poor nations through globalization at no or very little cost (Effland et al, 2008). In addition, globalization has led to fierce competitive global markets that conduct business unethically. Moreover, through globalization, the terrorists have gained access to many countries including America and commissioned fatal attacks. Most significantly, globalization has led to the undermining of the indigenous culture by western adventures through acts of colonization and imperialism. As a result, colonized states are now prone to cultural invasion subject to the muted cultural disorientation. At the same time, the free production, distribution, and consumption of cultural goods and services has negatively led to commercialization of culture. Furthermore, globalization has led to the spread of fast foods across the world leading to adverse health impacts. Nevertheless, the positive impacts of globalization on culture supersede the negative impacts with a huge margin. In the medical field, the impact of globalization is synonymous. It affects the health care services and the health care professionals. There is convenient movement of patients from one country to another in search of better and cheaper health services. For example, some countries like India offer cheaper and professional surgical services than the US hence leading to medical tourism (International Society for Quality in Health Care, 2005). This program attracts many benefits to the patients who cannot afford expensive treatment in their home countries. We equally have the free movement of medical professional from one country to another for purposes of rendering treatment and in search of better pay. However, this... This essay approves that the positive impact of globalization is the spread of education where all genders can now seek for higher education from the best educational facilities in the world. In the recent times, we have seen many people from the poor and developing nations pursue their education in the developed countries like the US. Similarly, individuals can now access online education via the internet. Furthermore, globalization allows the spread of knowhow and innovations from the developed nation to the developing nations. Notably, the spread of medical innovations is significant in according better treatment to all nations. In addition, there has been considerable integration of culture, preservation of culture, quick access to various cultural heritages via the internet because of globalization. Globalization has equally led to the introduction of high quality goods in the market, new industries, and subsequent economic growth. The introduction of new industries further crea tes employment and investment opportunities in the developing nations. This report makes a conclusion that globalization promotes the investment and capital flows where countries like India that attract foreign investment thus giving developed countries like US good investment proposition. In matters of security, globalization boosts world security in that the international courts of justice and the understanding between the security agencies of reference countries allows the apprehending of terrorists from their hind outs thus curbing global terrorism.

Causes and Effects of Teenage Smoking

Causes and Effects of Teenage Smoking INTRODUCTION We are all aware that teen smoking is becoming one of the most leading and real issue faced by many countries especially in the Philippines. For others, smoking is a kind of offense or a crime. But for the teens, this is just some sort of relaxation. Teens who start smoking as their habit can contribute their self in the increasing numbers of adult smokers in the future because young people are especially vulnerable to the pressure to start smoking. There are many reasons why young people smoke: lack of information about smoking; social pressure; peer pressure and many reasons to be discussed why youth choose to start smoking at their early ages. Smoking is found to be one of the causes of damage to nearly every organ system in the body. (The Effect of Smoking on Human Health, 2008). It is a major cause of heart attack and stroke. Smoking is a kind of addiction especially for teens where this habit is hard to break but it is their responsibility whether they will choose to continue o r to stop smoking. Although you may not think about the risks every time you smoke, smoking is not only dangerous; it is life-threatening. Teens must know what side effects smoking can bring to us. Thesis Statement Teen smoking is a hazard to life and it has become very common. Teen smokers and even the non smoker must realize the effects of smoking, the reasons why teenagers smoke and how well do we understand smoking. II. EFFECTS OF SMOKING This is what smoking affects your body. There’s no safe way to smoke, replacing your cigarette with cigar or pipe won’t help. Smoking affects you in many ways.( American Academy of Pediatrics,2010) Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke takes oxygen from your body while many cancer-causing chemicals go in. Your teeth and nails turn yellow and disgusting and your breath stinks. You cannot taste or smell things very well. Nicotine, the main drug in tobacco, causes your heart to beat faster and work less effectively. Nicotine is highly addictive. Short-term and Long term Effects of Smoking Short-term effects of smoking includes: coughs, colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, and more frequent respiratory illnesses. Teens who exposed to second hand smoke has the possibility to have asthma, infections on the lower respiratory, rates of ear and eye infection are higher .This is why smokers often suffer shortness of breath and worrying coughs. They often tire quickly during physical activity. Long term effects of smoking includes cancer of the lungs and other part of the body and if smokers have wounds, it will not recover quickly compared to non-smokers and it also affect the immune system which help us to protect form different diseases. Can smoking affect our vision? Smoking is not only bad for our body it is also bad for our eyes because smoking can lead to different eye infections. Smoking is linked to increase the hazard of having eye blindness and people who smoke have double the risk of developing cataracts compared with non-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoking like heart disease, cancer, are very familiar but many of us don’t know that sight threatening vision and eye problems also exist. Quitting smoking is an effective way to lessen the different possible eye diseases you may occur. How Cigarettes cause cancer? The different substances in cigarettes can lead to many problems and especially can lead you to your death. When you inhale smoke, these chemicals enter your lungs and spread around the rest of your body. Smoking causes lung cancer. Lung cancer has one of the lowest survival rates of all cancers, and is the most common cause of cancer death. The good news is that, this health problem is preventable, by giving up smoking quickly. Smoking can also increase the risk of other cancers including cancers of thelarynx, esophagus, mouth, stomach, sinus and many more. Some of these cancers may lead to leukemia which will cause to death. It is also possible that smoking could increase the risk of breast cancer both in men and women, but whatever cancer you will have because of smoking, there’s still a chance or way to stop the risk of cancer in your body by giving up smoking, it’s the only way on how you can prevent of having cancers. How smokings affect our throat? Throat is also affected if you smoke. Heart disease, respiratory failure, lung cancer and throat cancer are equally dangerous. By exposing the larynx to the chemicals during inhalation will increase the risk of having throat cancer. Larynx is where the vocal cord is located which plays an important role in breathing, eating and speaking. Hoarseness of voice as well as difficulty in speaking, breathing and eating is an early symptom of throat cancer but you can immediately cure this if you stop cigarette smoking. Do all teenagers know the effects of smoking? Maybe they know or not or they just neglect it. Other teenagers are not educated well like the teens that came from a poor family or unable to go to school. They just know that if they smoke too much that is the time that will affect its body but they don’t know that every piece of cigarettes they smoke have the chemicals that affect its body and brain. These chemicals can cause immediate damage to the human body. Smoking is awful Teens who smoke are three times more likely than non smokers to use alcohol. Most teens would rather choose to have friends who do not smoke. You may not feel or smell smoke on you, but people who are with you can smell it. Kissing someone who smokes is like kissing an ashtray If you smoke, chances are people don’t want to be around you REASON WHY TEENS START SMOKING As we all known, smoking is perilous to our health. Smoking can cause cancers of the lungs, larynx, kidneys as well as death. Many teen smokers knows what’s the effect of smoking but why they keep smoking? There are several reasons why teens continue smoking in spite of imminence to their health. The main reason of teen smoking is the Peer Influence. They smoke because their friends do as it give them a sense of belonging, many adult smokers start smoking in their teenage days. Friends are with you whether you are in ups or down of your life. But, we must know who to friends too. Because friends can make our life happier but sometimes they become a bad influence to your lifestyle. Some teens can’t just say no to their friends. As a teenager we must learn how to say no to prevent scuffle of priorities and sometimes to prevent bad habits. Family Problems is another reason, not all teenagers came from a happy or stable family. Some teenagers are abused by their parents or parents who are separated or it’s either the both of them who has the problem that cause its broken family. Because of the problems at Home, teenagers may start smoking as a sign of resentment. They want to show to their parents that they are rebelling because of them, so they start smoking. Parents can influence their child to start smoking. in the way that their child see them smokes. Their child or teens may think that smoking is a good habit or a sign of being mature because their parents do. Parents should teach their child good habits but as their child see their bad habits; it is possible for the parents to have their child with a bad habit too. Boredom and Image. Boredom might be the reason why teenagers will start smoke because not all teenagers are involved on any sports or any organizations in their schools. That’s why they get bored at home and nothing else to do but to watch television, taking care of their siblings or go online and playing computer games. Because of this everyday’s piece of work they decided to do something new that will excites them. Smoking seems to be the answer. Because some teens think that if they smoke they will appear cool for others. They believe that it improves their self-image because nowadays to have a cool self image to others is important for many teenagers. And lastly, Stress. Stress is said to be one of the reasons why teens start smoking, it only means that teens think smoking can release stress and can relieved their weariness. That’s why the more teens feel stressed the longer they will smoke. Compared to non-smokers, smokers have higher levels of stress in life. Therefore, it is necessary to quit smoking to avoid some health issues that can arise from stress and fret. UNDERSTANDING SMOKING What I would like to do in this article is help us, as a teenager, to understand why so many teenagers start smoking. If we understand why teenagers start smoking, chances are we will not smoke. This research will provide us enough information that will enable teen smokers to discourage in using cigarette. Also, the result of this study will educate readers and enlighten the information about the negative effects of smoking to our health. According to Ginzel, M.D.(2003), each time you take a puff on a cigarette, you inhale 400 toxic chemicals like Nicotine (A drop of pure nicotine can kill.) Cyanide (a deadly poison) Benzene (used in making paints, dyes, and plastics) Formaldehyde (used to preserve dead bodies) Acetylene (fuel used in torches) and Ammonia (used in fertilizers) People around smokers (Second hand smoke) Second hand smokes is define as the smoke breathe out by a smoker, which inhale by a non smoker. Even if you don’t smoke, second hand smoke can also affect a non smoker health just by inhaling this kind of smoke. Smokers can implicate non smoker’s health just by being around them. Furthermore, the more you are around smoker the higher instance of having smoking-related disease. Second hand smoke affects the health as you inhale them, it means this smoke doesn’t just impact e teenager’s life in the near future in fact; it can affect the health right now. For example, a healthy child having his/her singing career who inhales second hand smoke could have nagging coughs and colds as nuisance for him/her. There are many reasons of smoking but effects of smoking to humans are the same which is to damage every organ in the body. Third Hand Smoke You may not see nor feel it, but smoke clings to hair, walls, beddings, carpets, dust, hair, skin, and furniture which is called third hand smoke. Even if you do not smoke, third hand smoke is also dangerous because it could be responsible for many health problems, including asthma attacks and allergic reactions. Third hand smoke cant be eliminated just by opening windows, using fans or air conditioners, removing dampness from rooms or constraining smoking to only certain areas of a home. The only way to protect non smokers from third hand smoke is to create a smoke-free environment or smoke in public places where people are far away from you. Population of Teen Smokers Teen smoking cigarettes a hazard to life have become very common. The number of teen smokers is getting larger and larger every day just because smoking becomes a growing trend in the youth community. Smoking has many short term or long term effects on its users. Many adult smokers start while they are still teens and still continue and decided not to stop it. Smoking is a very addictive habit especially for the teens, there’s no other way to prevent these harmful effects but to stop cigarette smoking. Teen Smoking -some facts Cigarette smoking is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. (World Health Organization, 2014) Teen smokers are more likely to have panic attacks, anxiety disorders and depression. 1 of 5 teenagers who are addicted to cigarettes smokes 13-15 a day. 90 percent of smokers began before the age 21. Smoking can age skin faster, second only to the effect sun exposure has on giving premature wrinkles On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than non smokers. Benefits of quitting smoking for teenagers Quitting smoking can be a very big help to your lifestyle and especially to your health. As a teenager you still have a time to quit smoking, for you to gain your healthy lifestyle again. The sooner you quit smoking, the more you have the confidence that the risk of getting cancer will be lessened or if you have some serious diseases it is possible that it will heal faster because of quitting smoking. You are no longer prone to smoking- related disease if you stop smoking and if this happen you will enjoy your life without worrying and you will have more time for your loved ones. Maybe 2 in 3 teen smokers want to stop smoking because of the problems they have right now. Some people can’t give up easily; the most important aspect on giving up smoking is determination. At the end, you’re the only one who will decide whether you will stop smoking or not because it is your own body who will experience different illnesses. For teen smokers, it is important to remember some things that will help them hamper their bad habits. Maintaining to have a good health of your family, friends and loved ones are the best motivator for you to quit smoking. Here are some health benefits when you quit smoking: It will helps you breathe easier Quitting smoking will make your lifespan longer Ex-smokers is possible to have wither teeth Sense of smell and taste will improve if you stop smoking Stop smoking for younger and healthy skin Stop smoking to have more energy for your work, sports, friends and other activities. Quitting smoking to protect your loved ones from third hand and second hand smoke Conclusion Teen smoking is a hazard to life and it has become very common. Smoking can affect not only a smoker’s health even the non-smoker around him/her. Non smoker are suffering from different illnesses like nose and eye infections, coughs, colds and headaches. It is because of second hand smoke they inhale, even if teen smokers think that smoking can relieved stress and perceived that it helps them to relax, they don’t know that many chemicals from cigarettes are coming inside to their body, there are many negative effects of smoking which can cause damage to your health and it is not only a health threat for the smokers, but for the non smoker too. Smoking distracts many people and it’s because of their unhealthy habits. Smokers should quit, stopping the increasing numbers of smoker and for us to have a healthy environment. References Unknown. (2014). Youth Smoking. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_smoking Unknown. (2014). Health Effects of Tobacco. Retrieved from From http://www.tobaccofreemaine.org/channels/parents/learn_more_about_health_effects.php Anonymous. (2010). Tobacco Smoking. Retrieved from http://eschooltoday.com/drug-abuse-and-teens/teens-and-tobacco-smoking.html Anonymous. (2010). Tean Smoking. Retrieved from http://www.newportacademy.com/health-and-well-being/teen-smoking/ Unknown. (2014) Effects of Smoking Retrieved from http://www.champixonlineuk.com/effects-of-smoking.html Hyde, M. O., Setaro, J. F. (2006). Smoking 101: An overview for Teen. New York, NY: Twenty-First Century Books McMillan, D. (1998). Teen Smoking: Understanding the Risk. San Francisco, CA: Enslow Moe, B. A. (2000). Teen Smoking and Tobacco Use: A Hot Issue. Pennyslavania, PA: Enslow Slovic, P. (2001). Smoking risk, perception, and policy. New York, NY: SAGE Publications Torr, J. D. (2001) Smoking. New York, NY: Greenhaven Press

Camus: On and In Action :: Camus Essays

Camus: On and In Action ABSTRACT:In this paper I wish to examine the position of Camus regarding social change, namely his concepts of rebellion and revolution. I in no way question his well-deserved status as a major twentieth-century French writer, nor do I wish to suggest that he may have been someone caught in a Sartrean notion of 'bad faith.' I am concerned with what one might call his theory of social action. I do wish to assert that Camus was a good man who seriously wrestled with the events of his time. Yet his claims on behalf of suffering humanity, while honest, are not sufficient when faced with complex social issues. That his move toward the right that today might well be taken for a supposed liberalism was undoubtedly bound up with his continued misunderstanding of the dialectic of history. A Series of Critical Observations Camus continually stresses the break from Christianity (God is dead—the world is without order) whether in speaking of the French Revolution or what he calls the new absolutism of the communist revolution. In the first case there is a degree of confusion on the issue when speaking of Rousseau, St. Just, and the divine right monarchies. Camus obviously holds to one traditional view of the king as God's representative on earth and from this lays the groundwork for his future project. I would like to suggest that there are at least two alternate interpretations of divine right monarchy that vie for our attention. First, there is the view forwarded by Reinhart Koselleck in his 1959 book Kritik und Krise. There in he suggests that rather than a union of the sacred and the secular, divine right monarchy already announced the triumph of the secular over the sacred. Before this period there had been the two worlds of religion and politics. With the Reformation Christianity no longer w as unified under the pope but broke into various factions. The divine right of kings, whether it is in England or France, certainly allowed for an absolutism, but relegated the religious partner to the outer fringe of politics where it was left to argue matters of theology and direct the religious faithful while recognizing the supremacy of the King in all matters political, or even, as in England, recognizing the King as leader in both matters. When Camus points to Marx's observation that the beginning of a radical critique of society is a radical critique of religion, he believes his own critical project to be partly vindicated.

Psychology- Prejudice Essay

1. Evaluate Tajfel’s core study in terms of streotypes and weakness [10] Prejudice and Discrimination have been always controversial and it has become one of the crucial topics in the world of Social Psychology. Henry Tajfel was a British social psychology who is well known for his SIT or Social Identity Theory; ‘Intergroup Discrimination’ (1970). This theory has been useful to identify the social causes of prejudice and as well as explaining individual differences. First of all, this study is aimed to show or demonstrate that merely putting or diving people into groups could cause them to discriminate the other group. Tajfel’s procedure of the experiment involved two laboratory experiments. The subjects of the first experiment contained 64 boys, 14 and 15 year-old from a school in Bristol. The boys from each group knew each other well, since they were actually in the same houses at the school. The second experiment was similar to the first one, since 48 students also already knew each other. In terms of stereotypes and his study, Tajfel proposed that Stereotyping or putting people into groups is based on a normal cognitive; we tend to group or categories things. By the statement, he meant that we see the people in our group are just the ‘same’ with us because there are certain similarities that makes us parallel with them and there’ll be a tendency of us calling the ‘same’ people â€Å"us† and those who are different or out-group â€Å"them†. This study also has its weaknesses and strengths. One of the strengths; Laboratory experiment method, which makes him to able controlling the environment in terms of what the subjects had experienced during the test, therefore he can ensure that there are no influences that would change their behaviour later on. Manipulation of the environment also makes him able to obtain replication due to its standardness in procedures. However, since all of the participants were all male, similar age and came from the same country. In terms of experiment, this study has become biased. It is difficult to decide whether it is good enough to be generalised, due to its gender, age and geographical limitations. The ecological validity is doubtful, considering the experiments were lab studies, where we can jump to an argument that this involved unusual task is held in artificial environment. In other words, the participants acted in the way they thought was demanded of them; Demand Characteristic. This experiment deals with a disruptive and anti-social, very general commons of society in explaining and understanding the causes of prejudice and discrimination. Moreover, this piece of research could be beneficial or helpful to our daily life. Nevertheless, the applications are still limited, regard to ecological validity and the gender, race and cultures.

Flash Card Word Recognition Skills for Dyslexia